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ENDOCRINE DISORDERS: HYPERTHYROIDISM
Clinical findings
Excessive secretion by the thyroid gland leads to an increase in the metabolic rate by as much as 50 per cent. Some of the symptoms are weight loss, nervousness, increased appetite, prominent eyes, and enlarged thyroid gland. The increased metabolic rate leads to rapid loss of glycogen from the liver, and some tissue wasting, and in severe cases to signs of cardiac failure. Calcium and phosphorus excretion is often increased, resulting in osteoporosis. Most patients are treated with anti-thyroid drugs to bring the metabolic rate to normal. In some instances surgery is required.
Dietary management
If there has been much weight loss a diet supplying 3000 to 4000 kcal and 100 to 125 gm protein is needed. Snacks are provided between meals and at bedtime. Mineral and vitamin supplements are often prescribed. Coffee, tea, alcohol, and tobacco are usually eliminated because of their stimulating properties.
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